Psychology and Social Situations Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Social Situations Essay Providing incentive for individuals to establish a carpool system or take the bus instead will motivate them to resort to these resolutions although it has been unsuccessful. The government and other organizations that campaign against overdependence on private vehicles which contribute to heavy traffic should not expect that simply asking the people to share rides and take buses in order to lessen the number of vehicles on the road will work. People should be given incentives in adhering to the requests of concerned organizations, such as free fare or transportation allowances for the people. Organizations and establishments concentrated on a specific location should grant employees with free rides on shuttles that will take them to and from work everyday. This allows individuals to understand that sharing rides and taking the buses will save them the fare and lessen inconveniences caused by heavy traffic. 2. From this particular situation, we may deduce the disparity of knowledge and competencies displayed by children. Individual differences also cause differences on the rate of performance within the classroom, such that there are those that excel and those who fail depending on the cognitive faculties. Assignments are provided by teachers not only to reinforce learning and introduce the succeeding lesson, but also to give children the chance to catch up and experience success through home-based activities that allow them to learn at their own pace. Children who are identified to be the lowest-achieving in class think about their chance of pulling up their grades by spending more time on their assignments and excelling through them. This is the same reason why excellent performers do not spend more time on their homework, because they already have experienced success within the classroom setting. 3. Providing rewards is a good way of motivating children and reinforcing learning. There are various forms of rewards that teachers will be able to use including tangible rewards. Although concrete objects are considered as rewards, they should be given in moderation. Teachers should look for other forms of rewards such as praises and commendations, exemptions from school work or activities, and other types of non-tangible rewards. The danger of utilizing concrete objects as rewards is that children will not be able to learn the value of maintaining desirable learning behavior in class. Every action that they take will depend on the presence of a tangible reward at all times. In this case, desirable learning behaviors are not reinforced and sustained throughout the learning process, and children will only choose to perform well and exhibit good behavior when they see that there will be tangible rewards made available for them after doing so. To address this situation, academic institutions should consider setting standards and guidelines on how teachers should provide rewards, stressing the need to lessen the use of concrete objects but rather utilizing non-tangible rewards that create emphasis on inherent changes and display on desirable learning behavior and excellent learning performances. B. Psychological Disorders 1. The classification of abnormal behavior stems from the need to appropriately determine the medical and professional methods and strategies that will be implemented in order to address problems associated with the variety of abnormal behavior. The classification system of abnormal behavior, particularly the DSM-IV established by the American Psychiatric Association or APA, is utilized in order to provide a clear illustration or image of the kind or type of behavior exhibited by an individual. The DSM-IV utilizes five axes that are utilized to categorize behavior, solidifying them into a profile that provides information on the dimensions of particular behaviors. Utilizing classification systems, such as DSM-IV, although convenient also has flaws or disadvantages, intensifying the difficulty of assessing and classifying behavior. For instance, since the DSM-IV utilizes five axes in categorizing behavior, it becomes a limited means of understanding the dynamics of behavior. Classifying behavior into five categories does not really border on reliability and validity since behavior will not always meet all the criteria of each category. 2. When one is diagnosed with psychological or mental disorders, this means that there is something nonstandard and uncharacteristic about an individual’s way of thinking and behavior. Having a disorder mean that an individual’s life, particularly his functioning, is influenced by its effects building problems and difficulties along the way. The diagnosis will point to possible causes, whether the disorder is caused by biological factors, environmental factors, and such, which affects one’s ability to work efficiently, socialize with other people or become integrated into society under normal circumstances, etc. After being diagnosed with a psychological or mental disorder, it will also mean that an individual will need to seek professional help in order to determine the root of the problem and disorder and identify possible solutions in order to resolve them. 3. Perhaps it is better to be wrongly diagnosed as having a mental disorder even if one actually does not than the other way around because in the process, the individual will still be able to disprove the diagnosis while medical professionals will have enough time to discover the wrongfulness of their diagnosis. One will not lose anything by being misdiagnosed as psychologically or mentally incapacitated, perhaps just time and effort in proving the misdiagnosis of medical professionals. On the other hand, if one is wrongly diagnosed as not having a mental disorder, he will miss the chance of being provided with professional help and assistance as to how he will be able to conquer the problems brought about by his psychological or mental disorder. After being diagnosed without mental disorders even if in fact, one is psychologically or mentally changed, it will not be treated properly fuelling the possibility of one’s illness or disorder getting worse, while at the same time, intensifying the effects that it might bring towards one life. Missing out on the chance of being treated will neglect â€Å"damage control† allowing the illness or disorder to intensify possibly leading to a state wherein medical professionals will not be able to provide and recommend treatment appropriately.

Divine Comedy - Autobiographical Journey in Dante’s Inferno Essay examp

Dante’s Inferno - Autobiographical Journey    The Inferno is more than just a fictional story about someone traveling through the universe. It is actually more like an autobiographical journey of life through its author, Dante Alighieri’s eyes. Written in the early 1300s by a disgruntled Dante living in exile, he literally describes a man who has been trapped, and must find a way to escape. Allegorically, he’s telling us about the terrible moment of crisis that occurs in each one of our lives â€Å"when evil inside and outside of ourselves seems to block any hope for further constructive development†. Written originally as a long poem separated into cantos or songs, he basically wrote with the personal purpose of recording where all of the people he came in contact within his life, will go when they die. This could be one of three places; Hell, Purgatory, or Heaven. He went on to design specific, fitting punishments or rewards based on the life each person led. Dante then tied this all togethor and made hims elf a character that walks the entire length of the conceptualized...

Best Teacher

1. If my memory serves my correct, â€Å"The Best Teacher† I remember is my 5th grade teacher, Mrs. Hawthorne. She taught at Stamford Middle School in Stamford, CT. Mrs. Hawthorne was tough, patient, caring, and didn’t mind going that extra mile for any of her students education. Whether it was staying afterschool, coming to your house for parent-teacher conferences, or even buying school materials for students that couldn’t afford them. Mrs. Hawthorne, to me, was the definition of a GREAT teacher. 2. I think when I teach my philosophy of education will be more of a behaviorist. Behaviorist puts emphasis on accountability, believes in practice, practices reinenforcement, and having objectives. All of these characteristics are what I think are important in helping a student learning and successed. This is also the philosophy I think most of my past good teachers followed. 3. My â€Å"life-changing† moment that involved my education was when I first met this Bronx native Geoffrey Canada. He came to our 8th grade class to talk to us, Ive never knew of Mr. Canada before that day. His speech was so heart-felt, almost like President Obama speeches. He talked about stereotypes, the importance of studying and practice, never giving up, and never settling for just getting by. Mr. Canada was a social activist, author, educator, and now is CEO of the Harlem Children’s Zone. Harlem Children’s Zone is a group of charter schools in Harlem that focuses on combating effects of poverty and improving child/parent education. Mr. Canada has showed me that you can come from anywhere and succeed, but when you succeed you she help others strive to succeed.

Journal of a Foreign Descendant

The thesis in the book suggests the idea that all people of African descent in distributed in the Americas as well the rest of the world should -in the face of the inaccurate misrepresentation and portrayal of the continent, and the cynical disengagement being practiced in the west -try to go to Africa and get the rich experiences that the continent has to offer. The book is mainly directed to two audiences: The academicians and the general public. The book deals with two main extremist views of Africa. The Eurocentric view of Africa portrays it as being mostly Jungle, uncivilized and inhabited by sub humans. The other extremist view is that of those that think that Africa is the answer to all the problems afflicting the people of African descent. Television programs generally go to the very rural areas -indeed there are some very rural areas -in the different parts of the continent, they videotape these peoples way of life, and then show only that on television. The ordinary TV watcher is only exposed to what is televised hence the development of the Eurocentric view of Africa. The author supports him theme in a variety of ways. He believes that people of African Descent have a lot to learn from the continent of Africa. One such lesson is the virtue of honesty. The author supports this by giving us an example of Geoffrey Black. While Mr. Black got into an argument with the taxi driver and declined to give him some extra money, The taxi driver returned his expensive camera, which he had forgotten in the cab. The author also Emphasized on the distinctive African work ethics, conservation and communal sense of responsibility. The Africans believe that resources -like water – are not to be wasted. Furthermore, everyone has a role to play in the society as a whole. Consequently, each person performs his or her duties without having to be pushed around. If there is work to b done, someone does it. Fathers also take their responsibilities as parents seriously. Miss Vida Dzobo, a lady who sold out her personal belongings to start up a school demonstrated citizen responsibility in contributing towards the development of the rather than waiting for the government to do so. In addition, the author did not fail to recognize the kindness and hospitality of the African people both by Rev Ghalas' family and also through the Egyptian lady in Asmara who spread a blanket for them and gave them food. One very enriching experienced and lesson acquired is in the book is â€Å"the secret of life† as put by the author. The author in his life as a Christian and historian was impressed, overwhelmed and touched all at the same time by his experience in Ghana at the Leprosium and Podue. The author due to the lack of handicapped accessible buildings witnessed a physically challenged man struggle up the stairs to attend the church. Moreover, The church was filled with lepers who were joyfully praising God despite their suffering. This particular incident showed that life is mush more than material things. On the flip side of the authors theme of corporation between Africans and Africans in Diaspora, the Africans have a lot to gain from the People of African descent. As Dan Hoffman said, Africa had contributed greatly to the development of the Americas and have much more to contribute now both in natural resources and others ways. The author went ahead to give us examples how and where Africans could use some help. He noted that it is in Africa that the greatest human drama had occurred in the late twentieth century. People were dying due to the widespread civil wars among the Africans. As The author put it â€Å"Just as Eastern Europe is demanding democratic reforms, the same dynamic is being played out upon the African continent† The people of Africa are also perishing because from hunger yet the land is richly endowed with natural resources. As the author went through Egypt, he realized that though they were called deserts, â€Å"Arizona, California, and Nevada have nothing equal to the piles of pure white sand that seems to have had all the signs of vitality bleached out by the rays o the sun†. The African farmers need help in such areas as farming tools and equipment as well as the technology and know how that is so richly prevalent in the west in order to adequately feed the people. In addition, the continent of Africa has its hare of political problems. In Nigeria for example, as witnessed by the author, was not politically stable because of the military rulers had strained the public with their policies. The Bureaucracy in Ghana had engulfed the system made a simple process a whole stressful situation all in the name of creating jobs for people. Generally many African nations have not had good leaders. The past leaders have only dwelled on enriching themselves and exploited the citizens while in their positions rather than improving the county's systems. Examples include Mobutu Sese Seco of former Zaire now the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the well-known tyrant Idi Amin Dada of Uganda. With the exception of a few countries such as South Africa and Egypt, the infrastructure in most African countries is not developed. The Africans could use help in his area. Educated and skilled people of African descent should come together and assist in the improvement of the roads, the sewage systems, and provision of clean water. Unfortunately, as the author traveled to and from Ho and Ogun, he experienced first hand what badly maintained roads could lead to. There is a potential for the African people as well as African American people to gain if they cooperate. The author does well in his recommendation that more African Americans travel to the continent Africa. I concur with the author in his idea that all people of African descent should be concerned about Africa just like Jewish Americans are concerned about the middle east and just as the polish Americans are concerned about Poland. As the Africans benefit from the new technology from the Africans in the west, the people of African descent will also gain valuable virtues that were extorted from them during the institution of slavery. They should therefore at least give traveling to Africa a try than just fully agreeing with the distorted view of Africa in the west. Consequently, rather than try to alienate themselves from anything to do with Africa as they have for a long time been conditioned, they will instead be able to appreciate their land of origin. This will bring out the best in them that has been hidden for an incredibly long time.

APA Referencing †Citing Social Media Posts

APA Referencing – Citing Social Media Posts APA Referencing – Citing Social Media Posts With social media, information now spreads faster than ever. And you might even need to cite a social media post in an academic paper at some point. Its a strange new world were living in.(Photo Credit) But social media posts need to be cited when they appear in academic writing, so make sure you get it right! In this blogpost, we look at the rules for doing this with APA referencing. Citing a Social Media Post APA treats publicly available posts on platforms like Facebook or Twitter as websites. As such, if mentioning a Twitter account or Facebook page in passing, you need to provide a URL in parentheses within the text: Thousands of people use the Financial Times’ Twitter account (https://twitter.com/ftfinancenews) to get breaking news on the markets. If referring to a specific post or update on social media, however, you’ll need to give a full in-text citation with a named author and date of publication: In a post on Facebook, the former president referred to the Paris Climate Agreement as â€Å"a crucial step forward in the fight against climate change† (Obama, 2016). In such cases, social media posts cited in your work should be accompanied by an entry in the reference list at the end of your document. Reference List In the reference list, APA has specific requirement for social media posts. The general format is: Surname, Initial. [Screen name/given name]. (Year, Month Day). Title or excerpt [Platform]. Retrieved from URL This includes providing a screen name and the date that the post was made. Since many social media posts don’t have a title, an excerpt of up to 40 words can be used instead. For example, the reference for the Facebook post cited above would appear as: Obama, B. [Barack]. (2016, November 4). Today marks a crucial step forward in the fight against climate change, as the historic Paris Climate Agreement officially enters into force. Lets keep pushing for progress [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10154306132531749 Make sure that the URL provided is specifically for the post in question, not just the page or account from which it is taken. Citing a Personal Communication The rules for citing social media are a little different when the post isn’t publicly available (e.g., if it was a direct message). In this case, you treat the post as a personal communication. To do this, you should indicate that the information comes from a personal communication in parentheses as part of your citation, plus give a date for the message: Dr. Smith (personal communication, January 12, 2017) claimed that the study was promising but inconclusive. Since personal messages are not public, APA does not require you to include them in the reference list.

Criminology Theory Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminology Theory Analysis - Essay Example Merton, then, explains how people cope with social norms, goals, standards and means of achieving the prescribed goals. When people are able to conform with the legitimate means of achieving the prescribed goals, they conform with the social norms. In an anomic society, people cope through different means. There are ritualists, those who conform with the legitimate means, conforming to social norms but not expecting to achieve the prescribed goals. When people cannot achieve the prescribed goals through legitimate means, they tend to find other ways, resorting to illegitimate means of achieving the goals. This creates deviance and individuals begin to adapt using rebellion, innovation or retreatism. Individual’s choice of adaptation depends on how they view the prescribed goals and means in achieving it. It depends on their willingness to conform or reject the standards set by the society. Sex work or prostitution can be legitimate or illegitimate depending on the set of values and norms of the society. The exchange of sex for money or material possessions equivalent to the service given can be viewed in different perspectives. A society that views it as legitimate will have no problem since people conform to the social standards of working to get economically successful, one the ultimate prescribed goals of most societies. If prostitution is viewed as illegal in the society, then, it becomes a deviant behavior. The standards, norms and values of the society are created and developed through the shared meanings of the majority or the entire society. These socially accepted standards, norms and values becomes the guiding principle of the individual’s behavior and lives. This becomes the basis of their means in achieving the prescribed goals of their societies. Economic success has been one of the measures of being successful as an individual. This can be classified as a prescribed goal by the society, as it creates personal and economical

Main causes of UK childhood obesity and what can be done to prevent Essay

Main causes of UK childhood obesity and what can be done to prevent childhood obesity - Essay Example This essay "Main causes of UK childhood obesity and what can be done to prevent childhood obesity" outlines the reasons for obesity and its impact on the health of the person. In 2011, it was noted that 31% of boys and 28% of girls aged between 2 and 15 were either overweight or obese, with increase in waist circumference outstripping BMI measurement increases (Ahima 320). Statistics from the Health and Social Care Information Centre indicate moderate decrease in the proportion of overweight and obese children, the proportion having declined from 22.6% in 2011/12 Reception Year to 22.2% in 2012/13. Despite these improvements, the current 1 in every 5 Reception Year children (aged 4 to 5) and a third of Academic Year 6 children (aged 10 to 11) being obese has been noted to be among the worst cases in Europe (National Obesity Forum 8). Obesity is thus a critical public health issue in the UK that calls for understanding of the underlying problems in order to develop effective preventiv e strategies. Generally, childhood obesity results from eating too much and being involved less in physical activities. More specifically, the NHS observes that it results from a consumption of diets rich in energy, particularly from sugars and fats, with no burning of the energy through physical activity or exercise. As a result, surplus energy would be stored in the body as fat. To gain deeper understanding of these causes of obesity, the social model of health provided by Dahlgren and Whitehead would be useful (91).